![]() It was active in opposing the segregation of schools in Gary, Indiana, the next year. The IBPOEW founded a Civil Liberties department in 1926. The New York Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the BPOE, with Judge Barlett stating, "If the members desired the name of an animal there is a long list of beasts, birds, fishes which have not yet been appropriated for such a purpose." The decision was apparently ignored after the IBPOEW made a minor change in the letters on their seal. In 1912 the Improved, Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World was sued by the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks in the State of New York to keep them from using the "Elks" name. The BPOE disputed the African Americans' use of the ritual, but they held the copyright. This was a period of a rise in black fraternal associations, with men organizing to work in community and create strong networks. The first meeting of the new IBPOEW organization was held on Thursday, November 17, 1898. (It was only in 1972 that the white-majority BPOE opened admission to African Americans and other minorities.) Riggs had gained a copy of the BPOE ritual and received the first copyright for it, establishing their organization in September 1898. The men had met in another fraternal association and wanted to establish a chapter of Elks the white organization refused them admission. The latter was a Pullman porter who had been born into slavery. ![]() The formation of the Improved BPOE as a separate order, however, began in February 1897, when it was established in Cincinnati, Ohio, by city residents B. That organization later resulted in the founding of the first African-American congregation in the Episcopal Church, headed by Jones, and the founding of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the first independent black denomination, by Allen. The Order claims descent from the Free African Society, the first formal black society in America, founded in 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as a mutual aid society by Absalom Jones and Richard Allen. marching club, Sunday, June 13th, 1925, Pittsburgh, taken outside of Watt School ![]()
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